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Tox Properties of Precious Metals

http://www3.ivl.se/miljo/projekt/dvss/pdf/katalysatormetaller2007.pdf

Most metal removal/scavenging methods fall into three categories:

  1. Use of soluble reagents to maintain metals in solution while the product is isolated by crystallization or precipitation (crystallisation preferred).
  2. Addition of reagents to precipitate the metal keeping the product in solution for later isolation. Precipitation may be as an insoluble metal complex or as elemental metal.
  3. The use of scavenger solids to bind metal particles or metal complexes. These can be fairly non-specific absorbents like carbons or more specific functionalised polymers/resins designed to sequester metals. The use of hybrid methodologies using both soluble reagents and solid scavengers is reasonably common.